Nonfiction Piece

Essay ProposalThis piece draws a portrait of a stranger in a coffee shop. Offering a kind of weekly enigma to me, she has come to represent the constant allure of mystery in the seemingly trivial. This essay focuses on that enigma, and the possible answers I have for them.I start the essay with a snapshot of what this woman is. What does she look like? What does she do? In giving a descriptive appraisal at the beginning, I lay the foundation of the mystery. I note her gestures – the faint inclination of her head when she looks at her watch, the expectation apparent on her face when someone walks through the door, and the inevitable disappointment almost every time – and raise the question that would bring us closer to â€Å"solving† her mystery: Why? Why does she look the way she does? Why does she act this way? Why is she there? In this part of the essay, I create the mythos I have woven about her through the answers to these questions.In this essay, I depict he r as I see her – the woman waiting. Because of the questions she has raised in me, I have assigned her an identity.  This essay presents her as what she seems to be, and then seeks to go further, bringing both reader and author along for a venture into who she is, or at least, what she might be. In writing this, I thrust the philosophy that everyone really has a story. The natural inclination of the curious man is to find out. And if one cannot know, then you can always let your imagination run free.Literary Nonfiction EssayThere she is again, alone in the table at the far corner. Today, she has brought books with her: sonnets by Pablo Neruda, a creative writing textbook, and a discredited memoir. The book of poetry has been opened, and rests on her lap. A notebook, bound in leather, lies open on the table. A pen rests on the stark whiteness of the pages. She is looking at none of these. She smokes bent cigarettes every five minutes or so. She drinks her coffee as she glanc es at the door, trying not to look as if she were truly alone – that by looking at the doorway once in a while, she can pretend (and the world with her) that someone is coming to meet her.  Her cellphone, too, lies open. She takes a bite from her slice of lemon cake. The phone's screen remains dark, no matter how long she stares at it.Outside it is raining.She looks up, scans the crowd, most of whom are oblivious of her presence. I cannot be. I have known her for far too long. No, I do not know her name, and I do not think I will ever ask. But I have seen her so many times before, her presence is more familiar than a stranger’s should be. Today, I have positioned myself only two tables away from her. Because I know I can never march up to her and demand what she is, I content myself with absorbing everything I can of her. I have sat closer to her today. I cannot help this fascination. I simply want to know.Her gaze finally rests beyond me, towards the door. I see her face more clearly than I ever have before, after all these weeks. Oval, and wan – her forehead is high, her eyes wide and dark. It is not a delicate face, for perhaps the prolonged sadness has seeped into her bones that her face has toughened, has become stronger. Her cheeks jut out and her lips are thin and pale. Her mouth is arranged into its usual tightness. She sighs when the door opens, then closes, and turns away. She looks at her watch. She sighs once more, leafs through the open book of poetry.When will she realize that she is the only woman in a cafe of lovers? Or has she always known? She has one mug all to herself, the others have to share. One cup of coffee, one white porcelain rim, for two bleeding mouths of bleeding hearts.  Inevitably, I think of the possibility of the reluctant lover. Every week, I see her here, always alone. I have never seen her leave with someone. I have never seen anyone, man or woman, stride over to her table, hold her hand, to lead he r outside.Perhaps she has waited with the smallest of hopes that soon, someone would come to end the waiting. But perhaps the reluctant lover roams now the asphalt streets, in a suit and tie, a briefcase hanging from one hand as though it is an extension of his body. And this woman, with her poems and novels and empty notebooks – she is here, waiting, being watched by a person who has seen enough of her to realize that she is waiting.  Another woman – more of a girl, really – is at another corner. But she smokes her cigarette with the ease of one who knows that someone will meet her. Soon she will be gone and this woman, this woman, would light another cigarette and turn another page of one the books she has brought.I see her cellphone buzz, vibrating on the surface of the table. She twitches, then snatches it. Her eyes run over the illuminated screen, taking in the message quickly. Then, her lip curls, and she tosses her cellphone back to the table.Has she be en told that she has to wait longer?She returns to her book but her gaze is blanker now. This book she has been reading has quite possibly turned out to be a chore and all too soon, the words blur until they are white. There is too much of her coffee, and the crystal grains of sugar have refused to melt. The lemon cake crumbles. Even her cigarette offends her, and she puts it out, only half-consumed.  With her, this woman, her waiting – things pale and darken at the same time. Knowing these things are just distractions, something to pass the time that just seems to crawl slower and slower that it sometimes falls still: the coffee cannot be finished, the cigarette doesn’t burn, the page goes on and on and on. Something has cloaked her – is it the knowledge that all these are things she'd rather not be doing? Shouldn't be doing in the first place?She must finish her coffee, and only crumbs should be left on her plate. The book, open on her lap, can be replaced. There are two other books in her bag, and she takes them out: poetry speaking of a requited waiting.  She must think now: all this talk about unrequited love, when poetry should be made about unrequited patience: waiting for the phone to vibrate, waiting for the crumbs to settle, waiting for the coffee mug to empty, waiting for the cigarette to turn into ash, waiting for the books to turn to the last page, waiting for the rain to stop, waiting for the clock to strike ten, waiting for someone to come through the door with the spaciest of smiles just for her. Waiting, waiting, waiting.If she wrote – and I have feeling that she does, in spite of the blankness of her notebook now – how many times has she written about women like her?  She looks at her watch. Her phone vibrates one more. Listless, she picks it up, punches at the buttons. In but moments, her face clears, she sags in her chair. She is starting to smile.  I wonder then: the reluctant lover (but only in h er mind, only when they are not together.) Has the un-reluctant lover tells her that he is near? Would Neruda, then, glow again?Because she is a woman who waits diligently albeit unwillingly, week after week, later, she will be disgusted with how much everything makes sense now. Even waiting in a parked car, while errands are run, will make her smile. The rain will fall harder. The drops will be opaque against the windshield and yet it shall leave shadows on her jeans.Oh, that smile.And she will think: Everything should be a familiar novelty, a novel familiarity. Yes, even waiting for him to come back with a bag or two of bread, while a Japanese love song drifts from the radio. She will think the song talks of a fulfilled longing, of a waiting ended.  But now, she is still waiting. But now she is sure that someone shall come for her.  She looks at me, sees me watching her. The smile she gives me is fleeting, the token nicety for strangers who stare too long at you. I smile back at her.She looks at the doorway, but it seems more out of habit, than anticipation.One last look, then it is time for me to go. Nonfiction Piece Essay ProposalThis piece draws a portrait of a stranger in a coffee shop. Offering a kind of weekly enigma to me, she has come to represent the constant allure of mystery in the seemingly trivial. This essay focuses on that enigma, and the possible answers I have for them.I start the essay with a snapshot of what this woman is. What does she look like? What does she do? In giving a descriptive appraisal at the beginning, I lay the foundation of the mystery. I note her gestures – the faint inclination of her head when she looks at her watch, the expectation apparent on her face when someone walks through the door, and the inevitable disappointment almost every time – and raise the question that would bring us closer to â€Å"solving† her mystery: Why? Why does she look the way she does? Why does she act this way? Why is she there? In this part of the essay, I create the mythos I have woven about her through the answers to these questions.In this essay, I depict he r as I see her – the woman waiting. Because of the questions she has raised in me, I have assigned her an identity.This essay presents her as what she seems to be, and then seeks to go further, bringing both reader and author along for a venture into who she is, or at least, what she might be. In writing this, I thrust the philosophy that everyone really has a story. The natural inclination of the curious man is to find out. And if one cannot know, then you can always let your imagination run free.Literary Nonfiction EssayThere she is again, alone in the table at the far corner. Today, she has brought books with her: sonnets by Pablo Neruda, a creative writing textbook, and a discredited memoir. The book of poetry has been opened, and rests on her lap. A notebook, bound in leather, lies open on the table. A pen rests on the stark whiteness of the pages. She is looking at none of these. She smokes bent cigarettes every five minutes or so. She drinks her coffee as she glances a t the door, trying not to look as if she were truly alone – that by looking at the doorway once in a while, she can pretend (and the world with her) that someone is coming to meet her.Her cellphone, too, lies open. She takes a bite from her slice of lemon cake. The phone's screen remains dark, no matter how long she stares at it.Outside it is raining.She looks up, scans the crowd, most of whom are oblivious of her presence. I cannot be. I have known her for far too long. No, I do not know her name, and I do not think I will ever ask. But I have seen her so many times before, her presence is more familiar than a stranger’s should be. Today, I have positioned myself only two tables away from her. Because I know I can never march up to her and demand what she is, I content myself with absorbing everything I can of her. I have sat closer to her today. I cannot help this fascination. I simply want to know.Her gaze finally rests beyond me, towards the door. I see her face mo re clearly than I ever have before, after all these weeks. Oval, and wan – her forehead is high, her eyes wide and dark. It is not a delicate face, for perhaps the prolonged sadness has seeped into her bones that her face has toughened, has become stronger. Her cheeks jut out and her lips are thin and pale. Her mouth is arranged into its usual tightness. She sighs when the door opens, then closes, and turns away. She looks at her watch. She sighs once more, leafs through the open book of poetry.When will she realize that she is the only woman in a cafe of lovers? Or has she always known? She has one mug all to herself, the others have to share. One cup of coffee, one white porcelain rim, for two bleeding mouths of bleeding hearts.Inevitably, I think of the possibility of the reluctant lover. Every week, I see her here, always alone. I have never seen her leave with someone. I have never seen anyone, man or woman, stride over to her table, hold her hand, to lead her outside.Pe rhaps she has waited with the smallest of hopes that soon, someone would come to end the waiting. But perhaps the reluctant lover roams now the asphalt streets, in a suit and tie, a briefcase hanging from one hand as though it is an extension of his body. And this woman, with her poems and novels and empty notebooks – she is here, waiting, being watched by a person who has seen enough of her to realize that she is waiting.Another woman – more of a girl, really – is at another corner. But she smokes her cigarette with the ease of one who knows that someone will meet her. Soon she will be gone and this woman, this woman, would light another cigarette and turn another page of one the books she has brought.I see her cellphone buzz, vibrating on the surface of the table. She twitches, then snatches it. Her eyes run over the illuminated screen, taking in the message quickly. Then, her lip curls, and she tosses her cellphone back to the table.Has she been told that she has to wait longer?She returns to her book but her gaze is blanker now. This book she has been reading has quite possibly turned out to be a chore and all too soon, the words blur until they are white. There is too much of her coffee, and the crystal grains of sugar have refused to melt. The lemon cake crumbles. Even her cigarette offends her, and she puts it out, only half-consumed.With her, this woman, her waiting – things pale and darken at the same time. Knowing these things are just distractions, something to pass the time that just seems to crawl slower and slower that it sometimes falls still: the coffee cannot be finished, the cigarette doesn’t burn, the page goes on and on and on. Something has cloaked her – is it the knowledge that all these are things she'd rather not be doing? Shouldn't be doing in the first place?She must finish her coffee, and only crumbs should be left on her plate. The book, open on her lap, can be replaced. There are two other books in her bag, and she takes them out: poetry speaking of a requited waiting.She must think now: all this talk about unrequited love, when poetry should be made about unrequited patience: waiting for the phone to vibrate, waiting for the crumbs to settle, waiting for the coffee mug to empty, waiting for the cigarette to turn into ash, waiting for the books to turn to the last page, waiting for the rain to stop, waiting for the clock to strike ten, waiting for someone to come through the door with the spaciest of smiles just for her. Waiting, waiting, waiting.If she wrote – and I have feeling that she does, in spite of the blankness of her notebook now – how many times has she written about women like her?She looks at her watch. Her phone vibrates one more. Listless, she picks it up, punches at the buttons. In but moments, her face clears, she sags in her chair. She is starting to smile.I wonder then: the reluctant lover (but only in her mind, only when they are not together.) Has the un-reluctant lover tells her that he is near? Would Neruda, then, glow again?Because she is a woman who waits diligently albeit unwillingly, week after week, later, she will be disgusted with how much everything makes sense now. Even waiting in a parked car, while errands are run, will make her smile. The rain will fall harder. The drops will be opaque against the windshield and yet it shall leave shadows on her jeans.Oh, that smile.And she will think: Everything should be a familiar novelty, a novel familiarity. Yes, even waiting for him to come back with a bag or two of bread, while a Japanese love song drifts from the radio. She will think the song talks of a fulfilled longing, of a waiting ended.But now, she is still waiting. But now she is sure that someone shall come for her.She looks at me, sees me watching her. The smile she gives me is fleeting, the token nicety for strangers who stare too long at you. I smile back at her.She looks at the doorway, but it seems more out of habit, than anticipation.One last look, then it is time for me to go.

Assessors Award: the Principles and Requirements of Assessment

Assessor Award Unit 1 Name. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Signature†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Assessor†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Assessor Signature†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Date of Professional Discussion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Date Completed†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Verifier†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Verifier Signature†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..Date of Verification†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. UNDERSTANDING THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES OF ASSESSMENT 1 – Understand the principles and requirements of assessment 1. 1 & 1. 3 Explain the functions of assessment and your responsibilities as an assessor in the learning and development of your learners. (Include how you identify individual learner needs, how you record achievements and set targets, how you monitor and review your learner development, how you complete formative and summative assessments, how you contribute to quality assurance and best practice) . 2 List and define the key concepts and principles of assessment. (recognition of prior learning, special assessment requirements, skills, knowledge and understanding in relation to the roles of learners, trainers, assessors, organisations/employers during induction and the assessment process) 1. 4 & 8. 1 List the regulations and requirements that relate to your practices in your programme area. (Regulatory bodies and Statute Law) Explain the legal issues, policies and procedures relevant to assessment. 2 – Understand the different types of assessment method . 1 List the performance-based and knowledge-based assessment methods you will use with your learners (individually or in a group) and compare the strengths and limitations for each method. Assessment Method Strengths Limitations 3 – Understand how to plan assessment 3. 1 – What are the key factors you have to consider when planning assessments with your l earners? (Assessment methods planned, recognition of prior learning, addressing regulations, learner/employer needs and timing) 3. 2 & 3. 3 What is a â€Å"holistic approach† to assessment planning?How would you plan a â€Å"holistic approach† and explain the benefits. 3. 4 & 3. 5 Identify the risks that will have to be taken into account when planning assessments in your programme area. How can you minimise these when planning? Risks Actions to minimise 4 – Understand how to involve learners and others in the assessment process 4. 1 & 4. 3 Why is it important to involve learners and other people (peers, managers etc) when planning your assessments? How do you involve others and how can they be used effectively to promote learner involvement? 4. & 4. 3 Why is it important to involve learners and other people (peers, managers etc) when planning your assessments? How do you involve others? 4. 2 List the types of information you provide to your learners. 4. 4 Expla in how you can adapt your assessment planning to meet individual learner needs. 5. 1 – Understand how to make assessment decisions 5. 1 How do you judge whether the evidence is sufficient, authentic and current? 5. 2 When assessing the evidence how do you ensure that your decisions meet specified criteria and are valid, reliable and fair? – Understand quality assurance of the assessment process 6. 1 & 6. 2 Summarise the quality assurance and standardisation procedures in your programme area and why these are important. Procedures Why Important 6. 3 What procedures do you have to follow if there is a dispute in the assessment process? 7 – Understand how to manage information relating to assessment 7. 1 Why is it important that you follow your procedures for the management of information used in the assessment process? Summarise the procedures. 7. Explain the importance in the assessment process of feedback and questioning with your learner. 8 – Understand the legal and good practice requirements in relation to assessment: 8. 1 Explain the legal issues in relation to the following: Confidentiality Health, safety and welfare 8. 2 How does technology contribute to your assessments? 8. 3 Evaluate the requirements for Equality and diversity in relation to assessment 8. 4 Explain why you think it is important to reflect on your practice and development. How is this done in your programme area?

Nike marketing from 1964 until today Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Nike marketing from 1964 until today - Essay Example There are about 44000 people working in Nike Inc. globally. The chain of stores that Nike runs are named as Niketown (www.nikeinc.com, 2012). It has contracts with about 700 suppliers and contractors outside the USA. There are about 45 offices of Nike situated in countries other than USA. Majority of its manufacturing factories are placed and operated in Asian countries such as China, Indonesia, Taiwan, India, Pakistan, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, and Philippines (www.nikeinc.com, 2012). Business Products The main products offered by Nike worldwide are sport shoes such as track running shoes, clothing’s like jersey jackets, shorts, base layers. Accessories and equipment may include All of these are complementary products and are offered alike at all the available chain of stores under Nike Brand name (www.nikeinc.com, 2012). These items can be broadly divided into three main products sportswear shoes, and clothing line items and associated accessories and equipment (www.nikei nc.com, 2012). Marketing Trends of Nike Incorporation Nike is the stunning outcome of two athletes, an athletic trainer at the University of Oregon (Bill Bowerman), the other was runner and accounting student semi-bottom (Phil Knight) who had the idea of importing Japanese athletic shoes but was not too expensive and technically efficient enough. They joined in 1965 and Jeff Johnson becomes the first vendor-company representative who explored the athletic stadiums in the country to promote their shoes. But soon, Bowerman wanted to make his own shoes. Therefore Nike’s operations and promotions were actually initiated in 1972. In 1972, the king of sport shoes Adidas was German. Nike came as leisure sports and started booming but the market was still untapped. Nike became the predecessor of offshoring. At the time, the concept was new in the field of textile. Now followed by the majority of its competitors, but this innovation enabled it to secure a monopoly rents through market dominance undeniable over the years. Nike never had factory and remained true to its economic principles departure: subcontracting in developing countries for a maximum profit. The Nike logo (named by Swoosh) is very simple and immediately recognisable. It caused a great deal in brand awareness and had often been borrowed. In the years 70/80s, marketing was dominated by what the lifestyle appellate. Brands had an ideal world in which the consumer was projected willingly. Nike reused this principle but added specific values. Nike values included freedom, spontaneity, overshoot, Individualism, struggle, desire to go further, to reach its limits, willingness to extract rules and formal side of the flange sports (Nike claims an institutional aspect of the sport and the influence of federations sediment yet in many disciplines). All these values are derived from the original sports brand, namely the "running" (The race), individualistic sports where the concept of passing is central. Mo reover, one of the models of the brand is the athlete Steve Prefontaine (runneur bottom half) who played a good part in the values that were dear to the brand. Nike was going to change this whole vision of sport culture. And this vision was that of the American sports model that can be called as, the cult of performance. The important fact for Nike was not to participate but to win, that goes perfectly against the European sports model, which in turn, emphasizes sportsmanship, fair play and promotes a sport at the collective

Case Analysis (Marketing Planning and Management) Essay

Case Analysis (Marketing Planning and Management) - Essay Example The recommendations that has been provided is to create a complete workflow for the process and assign each job to every member and remove both sampling as well as the discounts and aim at marketing through other marketing techniques Variable cost per unit is not applicable, as the products were sponsored and there are no ‘cost of goods’ involved. The price per product on the first day is $15. Hence the entire $15 is contributed to cover the total fixed costs involved. The costs involved were very minimal and all the stocks were sold out. The liquidity position is also very strong with a turn over of $ 5,365 received in cash. Overall, the financial position of the company is very strong. Initially, the plan was to buy and promote seventy units every market day. However, the company sponsored for 100 units a day. Hence the marketing strategy was altered to include this factor. The demand was also estimated at 140 for the two days. The marketing strategy was very effective and entire 200 units were sold out in 2 days. The actual position turned out to be more optimistic than that was projected. Team performance and cooperation among all team members plays a very important role in this project. The team consisted of five members Stephanie Holland, Cassandra Hayes, Jean Kho, Nick Robinson and Brian Chow. The team performance and team dynamics as whole was very powerful and every individual in the team took up responsibilities and performed towards achieving a common goal of the team. There has been active participation from all members thereby making it possible for Sweet Adrenalin to achieve the success that it has achieved in the market day. The team structuring as a whole has been very strong and the allocation of the various positions in the team has been extremely good (Jobber, 2004). Communication flow within the organisation and in

Sermon on mount Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Sermon on mount - Essay Example ‘ To love is to will good for someone’ (Kraut, 3-20) Thus, it is sensible to do all we can to see a different person get and have a good life no matter how great ones life does not seem to be. The need to write on the topic on the sermon on the mount is to clarify various confusions cited by people each time on the relevance of the topic (Prabhavananda, 13). Using different theories of various philosophers is important to create a substantial evidence as well as to leave any unanswered questions answered fully. Some critics have paid tribute to it since it is the best benevolent teachings in time immemorial, and considering the fact that the teachings can be taken literally. They give an example of St Francis of Assisi the man who risked his life to assist other individuals in the society. He gave up everything and lived in abject poverty to see other humans live comfortably. Another example of one who gave up everything and whose actions can be compared to the teachings in the beatitudes is Padre Pio. He gave up everything and the only wealth he remained with were his priesthood veil, and a pair of sandals just to watch others have a better life. â€Å"How then can the focal point of the sermon on the mount be a sentence that says, ‘be perfect’? and be perfect ‘just as god is perfect’?† (Vaught, 4). This chapter involves proving the fact that the teachings from the sermon in the mount are substantial enough to prove the fact that justice over powers injustice, and that the just live a more fulfilling life than the unjust. From this confusion and argument, substantial evidence is needed to give the people the most suitable answer. Thesis Statement On the issue of whether justice or injustice is important, I take the side of justice being the best and choose to argue out the point in various perspective. Using various points and theories to prove the importance on the message about justice in the beatitudes is essent ial. Using theories like that of Plato, Aristotle, Nitsche and Jesus is essential. Argument 1 In Plato’s Reasoning theory, he supports the fact that justice is better compared to injustice. Plato defines justice as well as its characteristics. He further explains the point that when a city is just, its inhabitants will always live at peace with each other without much ado (Ashbaugh, 48). Plato uses this theory to challenge the sophophists as to why one has to live morally in this life. Comparing this to the teaching on the sermon on the mount, is clear that a just person is one ruled by reasoning. Reasoning is Plato explains that of the three human energies; reason, appetite and emotion, reason surpasses all the other two (Ashbaugh, 7). Plato said, â€Å"Morality is a necessary cause of happiness, one’s happiness is correlary to ones moral behavior.† â€Å"Therefore, an immoral person would be motivated to be moral if he wants to be happy. The happy person is t he just person† (Taylor, 10-23). His is proof that the sermon on the mount’s teachings on living justly to be happy, and for the satisfaction and peace of soul is proof that a just person is happier than the unjust person (Wagner, 4). Argument 2 I quote Aristotle â€Å"The hearer is the one who determines the speech’s end and object.† (Kraut, 3-20) This may present the Sermon on the mount as a more that Jesus might have said

Examine the view that marketing theory and concepts portrayed in the Essay

Examine the view that marketing theory and concepts portrayed in the traditional marketing literature have only limited application in guiding small business ma - Essay Example An organization that focuses on the consumer or on the market must determine the desires of the potential consumers and then develop the service or product based on the results. At this point, the two important marketing factors are the acquiring or recruiting of fresh customers and the expansion and retention of the buying relationship with the customers that are already in existence. The following are important under marketing theory and concepts. The variables that normally operate within and without the business operating environment influence the marketing strategy indirectly or directly. For an organization to be successful, it must be in a position to understand and also anticipate the changes that are taking place within the business environment. The organization must thereafter take advantage of these changes. This is what gives the business a competitive advantage. The marketing environment consists of the internal and external factors. An organization has to employ the sufficient and competitive staff to carry out the business activities. The employees must also be well motivated as part of the organizational strategic plan. When and if necessary, they must be taken through the process of training as well as development especially in the organizations that are service oriented so that the employees are able to offer the right services to the customers. This is likely to give the organization a competitive edge, (Blankson and Stokes, 2002). 2. Customers The organization's customers are the driving force and the basis of survival for the organization. If they do not consume the services as well as the goods f the organization, then the organization would just have to close down. The organization must meet consumer wants, needs satisfactorily. Anything short of that will lead to the failure of the organizational strategy. (Blankson and Stokes, 2002) 3. The shareholders These are the actual owners of the business and they pressure the management to give them the highest dividends possible. To satisfy the business shareholders, the organization has to be productive and profitable. 4. The suppliers A change in the cost of the raw materials directly affects the strategy that is used by the organization's marketing mix. This may result to the shooting up of the prices of the end product. The organization must ensure that it has a close and workable relationship with the suppliers to ensure that the organization's products and services are of high quality. 5. The media The attention that the media accords to the organization and its products as well as services creates a positive or negative publicity; this can either break or makes an organization. 6. Competitors The organization should at all cost aim at offering better services and products than the

Is wind power green Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Is wind power green - Essay Example Wind power, though helpful in promoting alternative resource could not sustain the growing need of electricity; the claim about how it reduces the amount of carbon dioxide emissions holds a lot of questionable areas, while its more subtle effects on animals is as fatal as the blatant ones. Wind Power The wind’s molecular structure and versatility in movement are the main reasons why it is a good agent of producing electricity by means of wind turbines. The blades of the turbines are â€Å"designed to capture kinetic energy in the wind† (Layton, n.d.). The heat of the sun combined with the irregularities of the Earth’s surface, are the main factors of wind formation; thus leading us to the idea that wind power is basically an offshoot of solar energy. The origin of using the wind as an energy resource dates back hundreds of years ago when civilizations prosper and began to develop agriculture. According to Redlinger, Andersen, Morthorst, and the United Nations Env ironment Programme (2002), the origins of wind power may be traced back in ancient Asia particularly in some parts of North Asia and the Middle East. In the eve of European navigation, windmills were spread across the European continent particularly in the Netherlands and Denmark, where windmills were used primarily for irrigation. What convinces environmental advocates that wind power is the safest form of renewable energy is the fact that it does not reproduce radioactive chemicals like what nuclear energy does. Truly, wind energy is tried and tested through time. However, the needs of the society nowadays are a far cry from what it is before. If power was only needed to process wheat and other agricultural products, then the amount of power the wind produces would be enough, but looking into the modern context where steel and massive electricity needed to light the country’s households, power generated by the wind would only mean a speck of dust. A Lighter Side of the Issu e Harnessing energy from the natural wind may be the biggest advantage of wind power if compared to fossil fuels or nuclear energy. According to the Energy Resource Center of Wisconsin (n.d.), power plants generally produce toxic by-products such as mercury and lead, which are both lethal to the environment and human and animal health. The use of wind power would likely to reduce the production of these chemicals in such a way that it would prevent contamination of clean natural resources. In addition, an edge that wind power may have among other forms of energy source is the longevity of the system. The wind power equipments have accessible materials for its maintenance and would less likely to require expensive machineries for its sustenance (Cane, 2010). Nowadays, information about the wind power offers a bright future for the environment; however several environmental advocates disagree with this statement. The Other Side In his book Power Hungry: The Myths of "Green" Energy and the Real Fuels of the Future, Bryce (2010) regarded the energy by the wind power, a myth; more-so with its efficiency as electricity provider. In the case of Denmark’s wind power resources, the wind turbines needed a considerable amount of electric generation capacity (Bryce 2010). Basing on the Denmark’

Motivation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Motivation - Essay Example Although different motivational theories focus on improving employee performance, their approaches differ substantially. As a result, all the models have their unique similarities and differences. This essay focuses on the similarities and differences between Maslow's theory, Herzberg's theory and the Equity theory as theories that organizations use to motivate their employees. All motivational theories focus on improving employee performance in the job (Hoffmann, 2007). As the developers of these theories pointed out, every human resource department should aim at improving the employee satisfaction in order to improve their level of output. Although they propose on different approaches of achieving employee satisfaction, the reality is that their main goal is improving organizational performance through specific ways. They emphasise on different factors that lead to employee satisfaction. As these theories point out, employee satisfaction is the most essential factor in improving em ployee satisfaction in their work places. Increase in employee satisfaction increases their level output to a certain level. Actually, most of the theories insist on the need for the organization treating an employee as an asset. The models provide the criteria for increasing employees’ job satisfaction. ... Herzberg’s theory focuses on motivation hygiene. According to the theory, there are factors that in the workplace that cause employee satisfaction. Whenever an organization puts into consideration these factors and ensures that their full satisfaction, the result is increased employee satisfaction, which generally translates into highly motivated employees. Equity theory points out that the manner in which an organization distributes its resources largely determines the level of satisfaction of the employees. Fair distribution of resources on the organization leads to increased levels of job satisfaction while unfair resource distribution leads to low motivational levels. Therefore, a major similarity between the three models us their ultimate goals that focus on the employee satisfaction and subsequently increasing their levels of satisfaction. Despite their similarities however, the organizations these theories have a number of differences. One of these differences is the ap proaches proposed by every theory in motivating employees. While some of the theories insist on the organization as the main source of motivation, others insist on the employee as the main reason for employee satisfaction. Although some of the motivational theories focus on the growth of the employee as an individual, others focus on general employees in the organization (Hoffmann, 2007). What such theories do not differentiate well is that different motivational factors work different to different employees. Nonetheless, differences in the departments and the hierarchy that employees hold in an organization influence how different motivational factors affect their levels

The Racial and Gendered Messages in Henry Robert's Paintings Essay

The Racial and Gendered Messages in Henry Robert's Paintings - Essay Example The paper "The Racial and Gendered Messages in Henry Robert's Paintings" will discuss a few of his portraits both in the context of his writings about race and also in terms of the racialised critical responses these works received. Within this narrative two major issues arise in terms of Henri's portrait production. This is not to say that Henri never painted images of non-white youthful men. There are a few, particularly before 1905 when he painted his friends and relatives. But after 1906 these portraits are rare and when looking at his portraits en masse it becomes apparent that he was not interested in non-white men of his own age.These images of non-white children and women in a study of white masculinity, communicate how Henri framed both whiteness and manhood. Race and gender exist in dialectics, black informing the construction of white, female instructing male, and vice versa. I think it was not a coincidence that Henri painted so few portraits of white men, and instead foc used his attentions on racial and ethnic minorities. The white man, for Henri, could not be represented, for as he wrote, something had been lost in "the race"- white manhood was unstable, faltering. What he could paint instead was the boundaries of whiteness and the boundaries of manliness. As such, his portraits of non-white sitters become instructive, notifying the viewer of the distinctions between races and between genders. These numerous portraits then become a sort of reverse self-portrait.; Henri looked into each of his sitter's eyes and saw what he was not. This interpretation of the way Henri's portraits functioned is then reflected in the contemporary criticism that the portraits received. As stated before, these works were some of the most successful of Henri's career and indeed resuscitated his reputation after the eclipse of modernism and the Armory Show. Critics were for the most part enthusiastic about his portraits, but beyond that their comments reveal that the rac ial and gendered messages he encoded in the paintings were not lost on the audience. His paintings of African Americans,

Macro & Micro economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Macro & Micro economics - Essay Example With the rising income levels of most of the economies, the demands for entertainment products like dolls have substantially increased. In the modern age, dolls are often made of rubberized plastic materials. These materials comprises of crude oil and national gas in them. There are special machines that help to give shape to standardized pieces of doll parts in the manufacturing process. Nowadays to park more potential buyers, doll manufacturing companies use special chemicals to produce dolls of various skin colors to make them attractive to various types’ customers belonging to different global zones. Car Production Process Unlike doll production, automobile industry or car production process is highly labor intensive in nature. Mercedes, Honda, Tesla, BMW etc are the various companies manufacturing cars. With the growth of per capita income levels and the improvement in the rate of urbanization in most of the economies in the world, the proportions of cars demanded in the market have increased significantly. However it should be considered that manufacturing of cars requires high state of technology and exclusive machineries. It is clearly observed in the video that the level of car production process takes place via various steps, where there are huge modern machines automatically executing the manufacturing process. Thus unlike doll industries, car manufacturing industries requires large amount of electricity and petroleum for its working. Hypothetical Input Output Matrix Industry Input Costs Toy Industry (manufacturing dolls) Automobile Industry (manufacturing cars) Cost of Labor Input $153 million $85 million Cost of Capital Input $ 60 million $200 million (Source: Authors Creation) The above hypothetical input industry 2x2 matrixes clearly shows that the gross cost of labor input is more than capital input in the toy industry producing dolls. On the other hand, the automobile industry manufacturing cars require more expensive capital input cost than labor cost. Thus it is quantitatively proved that the toy industry is a labor intensive industry and the car manufacturing industry is a capital intensive industry. Factor Intensity and Factor Abundance China is the most populated nation in the world. Perhaps this is the reason for which the country is rich in terms of labor resource. The nation always concentrates in labor intensive modes of production. It is a labor abundant nation, where the size of its labor force is 937.27 million as recorded in 2011. On the other hand, U.S. is a nation rich in terms of financial resources. This is the reason for which the country is a capital abundant nation that is rich in terms of technological knowhow. The following section of the essay will concentrate on the factor endowments of the two countries and the factor intensities of the industries in a graphically represented Hecksher Ohlin model. Figure 1: Hecksher Ohlin Model Car Production Doll Production The production Possibility Front iers (PPF) shows the two combinations of two goods that can be produced with the given amount of resources and state of technology1. The steeper PPF is of U.S., signifying capital abundance and intensity in production. The flatter PPF is of China, signifying labor abundance and intensity in production. The convex lines are the isoquants that show the different combinations of inputs that can be utilized to produce the same amount of output. B and E are the points inside the PPF of U.S. and China respectively, showing situations where all the resources are not efficiently used. A and G are the autarky or non trading positions of U.S. and China

Organizational Performance Management System Essay Example for Free

Organizational Performance Management System Essay In the pursuit of developing most appropriate organizational performance management system, many organizational performance management systems have emerged, making it difficult to choose the best organizational performance management system. The paper reviews the published literature on organizational performance management, and discusses the shift from traditional to new performance management system framework. Also, Balance Scorecard, which is one of the most commonly used approaches in measuring organizational performance, is discussed. Finally, five most important factors in designing organizational performance management are addressed. Introduction In increasingly competitive market, it is imperative that organizations design and implement an effective organizational performance management system to gauge their competitive advantage in the market. An Organization Performance Management System includes multiple activities that help in establishing the goals of the organization, and monitor the progress towards the target. It is used to make adjustments to accomplish goals more efficiently and effectively. Organizational Performance Management System can be best understood through considering the definitions of the words performance and measurement according to the Baldrige Criteria (NIST, 2001): Performance refers to output results from processes, products and services that permit evaluation and comparison relative to goals, standards, past results, and other organizations. Performance might be expressed in non-financial and financial terms. Measurement refers to numerical information that quantifies input, output, and performance dimensions of processes, products, services, and the overall organization (outcomes). Performance measures might be simple (derived from one measurement) or composite. Underlying performance management at both the organizational and employee levels is a set of performance measures. Performance measures with respect to organizational performance are an instrument to assess progress against stated program and organizational objectives. With respect to individual performances it is to assess progress against stated performances objectives, or â€Å"results to be achieved† for individual employees or teams of employees (Good Carin, 2004). The objective of such system would be to increase the efficiency, effectiveness and performance at both organizational and employee level. The challenge for organizations today is how to match and align both organizational and individual performance measures with business strategy, structures and corporate culture, the type and number of measures to use and how to deploy the measures so that the results are used and acted upon. To address these challenges, organizations have been continually searching for an effective organizational performance management framework. Measuring organizational performance management has variety of uses. As per Vince Kellen (2003) those uses include monitoring and controlling activities, driving organizational improvement, maximizing the effectiveness of the improvement effort, achieving alignment with organizational goal and objectives, rewarding and disciplining. The Changing Role of Organizational Performance Measurement System How to create and measure organizational performance measurement system has been a persistent source of debate. Traditionally, organizational performance management system included measuring financial ratios, such as return on investments, cash flows, and cost of sales. Figure one below depicts traditional performance indicators, focused mostly on financial measures. Figure One Source: Frederico and Cavenaghi 2009 In the recent years the focus has been on measuring non-financial ratios, such as quality, customer satisfaction, safety and other stakeholders. Figure Two shows the new performance indicators, incorporating quality together with other financial indicators. Figure Two Source: Source: Frederico and Cavenaghi 2009 Furthermore, according to Shackleton (2007) financial measures prohibit the guidance and evaluation of an organization’s ability to create future value through investments in customers, suppliers, employees, processes, technology and innovation. Shacketon agues that the pressure for reporting on corporate performance today, has confronted the traditional managerial mindset of historical models for performance measurement, and has required them to be more innovative. Table one below illustrates the shift in the mindset and provides a comparison between traditional and more recent performance measurement systems. Table One TraditionalInnovative Based on cost/ efficiencyValue-based Performance orientedPerformance compatibility oriented Profit –orientedCustomer-oriented Short-term orientedLong-term oriented Prevalence of individual measuresPrevalence of team measures Prevalence of functional measuresPrevalence of transversal measures Comparison with standardImproving monitoring Aim at evaluatingAim at evaluating and involving Source: Shackleton, 2007 From the table it can be concluded that organizational performance management systems are moving towards relationship-oriented understanding of the whole organization progress. It is clear that financial indicators are not ignored, but treated as one piece of the puzzle in a more complex set of criteria’s in measuring organizational performance. Organizational Performance Measurement Approaches: Balance Scorecard Several approaches for measuring and managing organizational performance management system have evolved over time, including Balance Scorecard, Benchmarking, Business Process Reengineering, Continuous Improvement, ISO9000, Total Quality Management, Stakeholder Approach, and Performance Prism Approach amongst others. There is no single framework or model that will ensure success in implementing an organizational performance management system. Exploring all the approaches is beyond the scope of this review, hence Balance Scorecard is review at length since it most commonly used for measuring organizational performance. Balance Scorecard was developed by Robert S. Kaplan and David P. Norton in 1992. It was developed to remedy the weak and vague performance management strategies developed earlier that mostly concentrated on financial indicators.

What is a Membrane Essay Example for Free

What is a Membrane Essay 1. What is a membrane? Membrane is any delicate sheet that separates one region from another blocking or permitting (selectively or completely) the passage of substances. The skin, for example, can be considered a membrane that separates the exterior from the interior of the body; cellophane, used in chemical laboratories to separate solutions, acts as a membrane too. 2. Concerning their permeability how are membranes classified? Membranes can be classified as impermeable, permeable, semipermeable or selectively permeable. An impermeable membrane is that through which no substance can pass. Semipermeable membranes are those that let only solvents, like water, to pass through it. Permeable membranes are those that let solvent and solutes, like ions and molecules, to pass across it. There are also selectively permeablemembranes, i.e., membranes that besides allowing the passage of solvent, let only some specific solutes to pass while blocking others. 3. What is diffusion?  Diffusion is the spreading of substance molecules from a region where the substance is more concentrated to another region where it is less concentrated. For example, during the boiling of water in a kitchen gaseous water particles tend to uniformly spread in the air by diffusion. 4. What is meant by concentration gradient? Is it correct to refer to â€Å"concentration gradient of water†? Concentration gradient is the difference of concentration of a substance between two regions. Concentration is a term used to designate the quantity of a solute divided by the total quantity of the solution. Since water in general is the solvent in this situation it is not correct to refer to â€Å"concentration of water† in a given solution. 5. What is the difference between osmosis and diffusion?  Osmosis is the phenomenon of movement of solvent particles (in general, water) from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration. Diffusion, on the other hand, is the movement of solutes from a region of higher solute concentration to a region of lower solute concentration. 6. What is osmotic pressure?  Osmotic pressure is the pressure created in an aqueous solution by a region of lower solute concentration upon a region of higher solute concentration forcing the passage of water from that to this more concentrated region. 7.Can solutions with the same concentration of different solutes have different osmotic pressures? The osmotic pressure of a solution does not depend on the nature of the solute, it depends only on the quantity of molecules (particles) in relation to the total solution volume. Solutions with same concentration of particles even containing different solutes exert the same osmotic pressure. 8. How are solutions classified according to their comparative tonicity? Comparative to another, a solution can be hypotonic (or hyposmotic), isotonic (or isosmotic) or hypertonic (or hyperosmotic). When a solution is less concentrated than another the adjective hypotonic is given and the more concentrated is called hypertonic. When two compared solutions have the same concentration both receive the adjective isotonic. So this classification makes sense only for comparison of solutions. 9.Concerning permeability what type of membrane is the cell membrane?The cell membrane is a selectively permeable membrane, i.e., it allows the passage of water and some selected solutes. 10.What are the basic constituents of the cell membrane?  The cell membrane is formed of lipids, proteins and carbohydrates. The membrane lipids are phospholipids, a special type of lipid to which one extremity a phosphate group is bound thus assigning electrical charge to this region of the molecule. Since phospholipids have one electrically charged extremity and a long neutral organic chain they can organize themselves in two layers of associated molecules: the hydrophilic portion (polar) of each layer faces outwards in contact with water (a polar molecule too) of the extracellular and the intracellular space and the hydrophobic chains (non polar) face inwards isolated from the water. Because this type of membrane is made of two phospolipid layers it is also called a bilipid membrane. Membrane proteins are embedded and dispersed in the compact bilipid structure. Carbohydrates appear in the outer surface of the membrane associated to some of those proteins under the form of glycoproteins or bound to phospholipids forming glycolipids. The membrane carbohydrates form the glycocalix of the membrane.

Bad Character Evidence Case Study

Bad Character Evidence Case Study The objective of this paper is to demonstrate what a bad character evidence(BCE) is and whether Liam Parrishs(LP) BCE of previous convictions should be admitted at trial. The definition and admissibility of BC is governed by the Criminal Justice Act 2003(CJA).[1] BC is determined as evidence of, or of a disposition towards misconduct or evidence of a tendency towards misconduct.[2] Misconduct is defined as the commission of the offence or other reprehensible behaviour.[3] LP is a non-defendant, this is vital as the admissibility of the BCE of non-defendants is governed by s.100.[4] When considering what is admissible the Court need to be aware of the danger of breaching the right to a fair trial.[5] Also, the Court is required to consider a non-exhaustive list of factors in assessing whether the character is of substantial importance.[6] Drug Possession The first issue is whether the offence of drug possession will be regarded as BCE and whether it should be admitted at trial. It is a vital element to the case as a whole since Adam Harris(AH) stated that LP was a drug dealer. This assertion was reinforced by Rose Matthewss who confirmed it in her statement as well. On the one hand, it can be argued that his conviction can be regarded as old since it was committed in 2008. As set out in s.100(3)(c)(ii) his drug conviction showed that LP was a drug dealer and this confirmed his alleged misconduct. Per Yaxley-Lennon[7] drug possession can be regarded as having substantial probative value in relation to his credibility, which is an important issue in the case. Also, the Court when assessing the probative value of evidence should take into consideration some relevant factors.[8] The older the incident, the less likely it is to show a propensity and therefore it will be inadmissible. On the contrary, the age of the conviction can illustrate how long LP has been dealing with drugs. Therefore, his conviction can be regarded of substantial importance to the context of the case as a whole. As drug dealers often find themselves surrounded by dangerous people. LP alleged that did not see who his attacker was, so its a possibility that he may be attacked by someone else rather than AH. Therefore, LP previous conviction of drug possession is more likely to be admissible as it has a substantial probative value in relation to something which is both a matter in issue in the proceedings and is of substantial importance in the context of the case as a whole.[9] Assault The second issue is whether LPs previous conviction for assault could be admitted. This is potentially formed part of the chain of past misconduct which might establish a propensity to commit similar offences. Therefore, propensity to commit this type of offence may be a matter in issue between prosecution and defence.[10] It could be admitted under s.100(1)(b) as it is a matter in issue and his propensity to be violent has a probative value. In Braithwaite[11] the Court held that BCE in relation to the witnesses was relevant both to their propensity to act aggressively and to their credibility.[12] So, in this case, LPs assault conviction may show a propensity to act aggressively as well. Thus, it would be a matter in issue to establish whether AHs statements were true. There are similarities between AHs statements (when he stated in the police interview that LP tried to hurt Rose) and the conviction itself. This could be regarded as very important as to a matter in issue with substantial probative value that LP has a propensity to be violent. Moreover, the fact that the conviction is recent makes it more likely to be admissible.[13] Credibility The propensity to untruthfulness may be a matter in issue between the prosecution and the defendant.[14] Credibility will always be an issue to some extent in any prosecution.[15] In the case ofGoddard[16] was established that only convictions of probative value and of substantial importance could be admitted. As shown by the facts, LP had pleaded not guilty unsuccessfully to be acting in self-defence to an unprovoked attack. However, his argument was dismissed by the Court and it was found that LP had started the fight. Furthermore, he lied under oath for an alibi in his third conviction. Therefore, LP previous convictions can be admitted as evidence to show his propensity for untruthfulness and thus his credibility.[17] Credibility is an issue of substantial importance and what sort of convictions are capable of affecting credibility can be found under s.100. In Andrew[18] the Court held that under s.100(1)(b)(i) creditworthiness of a witness is an important matter in issue.[19] The test of creditworthiness being a matter in issue with substantial importance to the case illustrated in the leading case of Brewster.[20] Pitchford LJ set out a two-stage test. Firstly, if it is shown that creditworthiness is an issue of substantial importance. The second question is whether the BC relied upon is of substantial probative value in relation to that issue.[21] The test for whether previous convictions have probative value on the issue of creditworthiness will depend on the number, nature and age of the convictions.[22] Applying this principle to LPs creditworthiness, the conviction of preventing the course of justice and the fact that he pleaded not guilty should be admitted since is an issue of substantial importance. The convictions were relevant to credibility in the wider sense that they would affect a fair-minded jurys assessment of the standing of the witness.[23] Conclusion Since LP is deceased, to examine his character the jury should be entitled to looked LPs convictions as cumulatively to get a more complete picture of LPs character.[24] The strongest argument is the intervening of justice conviction for two reasons. It is a recent conviction and it has direct effect on LP creditworthiness. The weakest point is LPs drug conviction as it is from 2008. However, it was illustrated that it can be argued to show how long LP has been dealing with drugs. Bibliography Primary Sources Table of cases R v Andrew S [2006] EWCA Crim 1303 R v Anthony Weir Others [2005] EWCA Crim 2886 R v Brewster Cromwell [2010] 2 Cr App R 20 R v Campbell[2007] 1 WLR 2798 Regina v Leigh Goddard [2007] EWCA Crim 3134 Table of Legislation: UK Criminal Justice Act 2003 Table of Legislation: EU European Convention on Human Rights 1950 Secondary Sources Books Durston G., Evidence (2nd edn, Oxford University Press 2011) Glover R and Murphy P., Murphy On Evidence (14th edn, Oxford University Press 2015) Munday R., Evidence (8th edn, Oxford University Press 2015) Journal Articles Blair S., Criminal Procedure [2016] SHRJ 72 [1] Criminal Justice Act 2003. [2] Ibid, s.98. [3] Ibid, s.112 (1). [4] Ibid, s.100. [5] European Convention on Human Rights 1950, Article 6. [6] Ibid, s.100 (3). [7] R v Anthony Weir Others [2005] EWCA Crim 2886. [8] Criminal Justice Act 2003, s.100 (3) (b). [9] Criminal Justice Act 2003, s.100 (1) (b). [10] Criminal Justice Act 2003, s.103 (1) (a). [11] R v Braithwaite [2010] EWCA Crim 1082. [12] Ibid, [13] (Lord Justice Hughes). [13] Criminal Justice Act 2003 s.100(3). [14] Ibid, s.101 (1) (d). [15] R v Campbell [2007] 1 WLR 2798. [16] Regina v Leigh Goddard [2007] EWCA Crim 3134, [13] (Lord Justice Gage). [17] Gregory Durston, Evidence (2nd edn, Oxford University Press 2011) 179. [18] R v Andrew S [2006] EWCA Crim 1303. [19] Ibid, [7] (Lord Justice Laws). [20] R v Brewster Cromwell [2010] 2 Cr App R 20. [21] Ibid, [23] (Lord Justice Pitchford). [22] Criminal Justice Act 2003 s.100 (3). [23] R v Brewster Cromwell [2010] 2 Cr App R 20, [24]. [24] Scott Blair, Criminal Procedure [2016] SHRJ 72, 6.

The Search for Identity in This Side of Paradise :: This Side of Paradise Essays

The Search for Identity in This Side of Paradise  Ã‚   In F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel This Side of Paradise, Amory Blaine searches for his identity by "mirroring" people he admires.   However, these "mirrors" actually block him from finding his true self.   He falls in love with women whose personalities intrigue him; he mimics the actions of men he looks up to.   Eleanor Savage and Burne Holiday serve as prime examples of this.   Until Amory loses his pivotal "mirror," Monsignor Darcy, he searches for his soul in all the wrong places.   When Monsignor Darcy dies, Amory has the spiritual epiphany he needs to reach his "paradise" - the knowledge of who Amory Blaine truly is.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Amory appears to be a rather vacuous choice for a protagonist.   He relies mainly on his breathtaking handsomeness and wealth in order to get by in life.   He has been endowed with brains, but it takes him years to learn how and when to use them.   Amory spends his late high school and college years frolicking with his peers and debutantes.   By constantly associating with others Amory creates an image of himself that he maintains until he becomes bored or finds a new personality to imitate.   Amory does not know who he really is, what he truly feels, or what he thinks.   He merely cultivates his personality du jour depending on how he believes he would like to be.   Essentially, Amory is shopping at a personality store, trying each one on until he can find one that fits.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This personality imitation began when Amory spent his adolescent years in the presence of his flamboyant mother, Beatrice.   Beatrice raised Amory to be what she wanted him to be, as long as it was stylish and acceptable to coeval virtues.   When he goes to Princeton, the separation from his mother, who essentially thought for him, leads Amory to search for himself.   However, his idea of searching for his identity entails merely simulating the personalities of those he admires.   This trend becomes obvious in the pattern of Amory's love interests.   His first conquest, Isabelle, is a strong-willed girl who knows what she wants.   Amory falls in love with her because of her distinct personality; perhaps subconsciously he feels that by being in her presence he makes up for not having a personality of his own.   Amory's next love, Rosalind, represents Amory's latent desire for the riches and luxuries that he lost with the death of his parents.

Hellish nature of life :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Life is all based around heaven or hell, which is also what is good and bad. But why do we think there is a Heaven or Hell? Because one person came down and proclaimed to be a person with healing powers. There are thousands of people nowadays. If Jesus were here today we would think he was a twisted old poor man just like the rest of them. But people want something to believe in, something better after this life has ended. That’s why people were so easily trusting in Jesus. People followed him and he did miracles that further brought them in. Soon it was close to a cult just like today. People are very trusting and will do anything for a better afterlife. Then there is the Hell situation. If there is going to be wonderful afterlife for all who do good well there better be one for all who do bad. That is the incentive they try to put on you to do good. So now you have two choices. To do good and go to heaven or be so called bad and rot in hell for eternity, which one would you do and you were brought up from a child to believe in god and do the good that Jesus has taught us? For as long as the thought of hell has been around people have speculated how hell really is. I don’t think hell is like the book described it. I think the souls that were rejected from heaven are sent to a place to pay for their judgments in life. But truthfully I do not know or even want to speculate what hell is like. No one does and I hope I’m not one of them to find out. Mr. Van Hoose I do believe in God and heaven and hell, but I do think some people get to worked up.

A Human For Nature Essay example -- Essays Papers

A Human For Nature When looking at the issue of humans and nature throughout history, one significant figure stands out in my mind: Theodore Roosevelt. Without him, the most beautiful and serene places in North America may have been destroyed or fallen to the hands of developers. Development and conservation of land have been issues that we have faced since Europeans first landed in America. Today, environmental issues are a concern that any contending political candidate must address. In focusing on Theodore Roosevelt, we will find a basis for preservation in America. We will also explore some of the preservation actions that take place in our world today. The original forests in the United States covered an extremely large amount of land. It is estimated that forests took up roughly 1 billion acres of land, including Alaska5. The first to manipulate the land were the Native Americans who used tools and fire to convert the land to their needs. Areas were cleared for villages and growing crops while acres were also burned to make travel easier and improve hunting conditions. As Europeans arrived on the continent, the lands changed even more dramatically. The Colonists saw the forest as both a never ending resource, and an obstacle for using the land for farming purposes. Still, lumber quickly became one of America’s first exports along with fur which also depended heavily on the forest. As time passed, the population of America grew very rapidly. With a growing population more and more forests were converted for agricultural purposes. By the 1840’s "Manifest Destiny" had become popular, and the government thought transfer of public lands to private ownership as the best way to utilize the continents many resources. Around t... ...f thinking as he stated, "The lands that I have worked to set aside are not for my purpose, I did it for my children." Bibliography 1 Collins, Michael L. That damned cowboy: Theodore Roosevelt and the American West. New York: P. Lang, 1989. 2 Eaton, Pamela. "Setting Aside Pieces of the Wild." Denver Post, 21 February 1999, sec.C, p. 1-4. Database on-line. Available from Lexis-Nexis. 3 Kriz, Margaret. "Much Less Awful." The National Journal, 16 January 1999, sec. Environment, p. 96. Database on-line. Available from Lexis-Nexis. 4 Lorant, Stefan. The Life & Times of Theodore Roosevelt. 1st edition. New York: Double Day, 1959. 5 Locke, Timm. The state of the forest: an historical perspective. Information Access Company, 1997. Thompson Corporation Company. Database on-line. Available from Lexis- Nexis Academic Universe.

Lexis Nexis Uk Newspaper Database Article Education Essay

This annotated bibliography will see issues associating to a male influence within a schoolroom environment and to detect whether or non it benefits kids ‘s acquisition. Why is there a deficiency of male instructors in the twenty-first century? Do male instructors deliver a better acquisition experience than female instructors?Cardinal Footingsâ€Å" male instructors in early instruction † â€Å" male instructors † â€Å" pupil reaction to male instructors † â€Å" male influence in school † â€Å" learning males in school † â€Å" work forces in the schoolroom † â€Å" work forces in early instruction † .BeginningsEducation Resource Information Centre ( ERIC )Sumsion, J. ( 2005, 1st One-fourth ) . Male instructors in early childhood instruction: issues and instance survey. In Diamond, K, E. Early Childhood Research Quarterly 20 ( pp.109-123 ) . USA.Searched for â€Å" male instructors in early instruction † in ERIC. Full text version was non available. Full article provided by SciVerse database through a journal hunt on Strathclyde Universities SuPrimo. This subdivision of the diary identifies positive statements for the enlisting of work forces in early instruction. The research was compiled in three bunchs of statements: benefits for society, for the instruction business and for the infant pupils. This first statement declares that with an increased figure of males in the instruction profession that there would be an altered attitude to premises in relation to gender functions and duties. This is briefly conveyed ( Cameron & A ; Moss 1998 ) that differentiates between male and females in relation to childcare – contradictory of sensed stereotypes. Additionally, the following bunch argues that with more male input in the profession there would be an addition in the position and of instructors ( Lyons et al. , 2003 ) and besides would better workplace kineticss and staff interrelatednesss. Besides there is grounds that supports work forces keep higher paid administrative places that could potentially be transferred to the learning profession. The 3rd statement is that work forces can assist develop kids ‘s attitude for a diverse hereafter. By exposing kids to non-traditional buildings they can get down to go more compassionate and morally right.Sternod, B.M. ( 2011, Issue 2 ) . Role Models or Normalizing Agents? A Genealogic Analysis of Popular Written News Media Discourse sing Male Teachers. In Thiessen, D. Curriculum Inquiry. ( pp.277-286 ) . California, USA.Searched for â€Å" work forces in the schoolroom † in ERIC. Full text version was non available. Full article provided by Wiley Online Library through a journal hunt on Strathclyde Universities SuPrimo. This diary identifies adult females as a menace to the development of immature males as they override the masculine impact that is attempted to be conveyed. Evidence supports the deficiency of male instructors in simple schools with merely 9 % being male. Some school kids have no male influence in their lives and urgently necessitate an influential figure to larn and draw a bead on from. Male instructors besides supply concrete subject within the schoolroom but besides can understand immature male behaviorism. Males are besides, more austere doing kids more alert within the schoolroom and they besides are able to link with pupil, in bend bettering acquisition. Michael Gurian ( Hein, 1998 ; Peterson,1998 ) claims that male childs learn through a â€Å" masculine nurturing system † which revolves around â€Å" regard. Male childs can derive regard from an older/wiser male and this has to be earned. If a male child acts unsuitably the higher ranking male will loss regard for that person and it is up to the person to accomplish it back. This relationship has a inclination to be around males – therefore it would be good for male influence to be in school community. Lack of male influence both in and out of school physiques up a inclination for Acts of the Apostless of force and other offenses. Without a powerful influence in a kid ‘s development their natural maleness is free to make what it wants. Without positive counsel immature male could easy fall in to the incorrect paths and may non hold good ethical motives and could arise against what is really good. This diary continues to look at different facets of what makes a function theoretical account and what it has been based on.Lexis Nexis UK Newspaper database articleClark, L. ( 2012 ) . 1 in 5 male childs at primaries have no male instructors while some could travel through their full instruction without one. MailOnline, 16th November. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.lexisnexis.com/uk/news/ .Searched for â€Å" Male instructors † on hypertext transfer protocol: //www.lexisnexis.com/uk/news/ . This newspaper article presents an statement that there is a demand for male primary pedagogues. The article cites that there is a astonishing sum of female instructors in relation to male instructors with 360,485 male childs aged 4 – 10 holding attended a school with no qualified male presence. Within these statistics 61,060 of the pupils are having free school repasts due to low income – highlighting that the job is countrywide. There is a deficiency of male influence within primary students taking to claims that excessively many male childs are holding small or no interaction with males before making high school. With a altering nature within places there potentially may be pupils who reach early maturity and holding no male influence – making a ‘distorted ‘ position of society. Professor John Howson at Oxford Brookes University agrees stating: â€Å" If you ne'er acquire a opportunity to interact with one gender, so you are non acquiring a rounded instruction † . The article continues, speaking about how immature professionals can be persuaded to come in the instruction profession and how bad imperativeness and other influential factors can do this hard.Internet Research ArticleKoutros, M. ( 2010 ) . The Lack of Male Teachers and it ‘s Effect on Student Development. Brooklyn College: USA. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //earlyactionresearch.wikispaces.com/file/view/koutros_actionresearch.pdf/ .Searched hypertext transfer protocol: //www.google.co.uk for â€Å" student reaction to male instructors † . This article was produced by a pupil at an American University who was bring forthing an Action Research Project on the deficiency of male instructors in a schoolroom. The survey identifies that the National Education Association ( NEA ) , revealed that less than one-quarter of all instructors were male. Recent surveies show that the deficiency of male instructors is due to low wages and issues associating to gender stereotypes. The paper is garnering research on the deficiency of a strong male function theoretical account in schoolrooms holding a harming impact on a kid ‘s sustainable development. Male instructors are viewed as function theoretical accounts ( Martino, 2008. p.192 ) . â€Å" Recuperative Maleness Politicss † are a agencies to change stereotypes and convey back a male influence into the schoolroom. This is significantly of import for immature male childs as they look for a function theoretical account, person to draw a bead on to. Gender besides plays an impact on schoolroom direction techniques which differ from male and female. Males within a schoolroom have a better impact in relation to females as kids respond to bids from a male more instinctively ( Kesici, 2008 ; Bryce & A ; Blown, 2007 ) . The article continues to detail the sum-up of the pupil ‘s research and his program of what he is traveling to make to garner relevant grounds.Andersonian library BookJames, A.N. ( 2007 ) . Teaching the Male Brain: How male childs Think, Feel and Learn in School. ( pp. 157-159 ) . USA.Searched â€Å" learning males in school † in the University of Strathclyde ‘s SuPrimo database. This book analogies ‘ that maleness is an indispensable facet of a kid ‘s development – kids should be able to see that there are many alternate ways of seeing the universe from a gendered position. Male function theoretical accounts are critical: with many an increasing figure of one-parent households a dominantly female influence disenable male childs to specify what it means to be a male child ( Neall, 2002 ; Pollack, 1998 ) . A job arises with a chief female influence on a immature male: what if in seeking to move like a male, a child Rebels against the influence of a female and acts the complete antonym. He may hold decided that the right behavior for work forces is ill-mannered, angry, noisy and vocal. This acts as a cardinal defect to a feminist position within a school environment ( Mac and Ghail, 1994 ) . A male instructor can besides impact originative subjects such as art in a positive mode. By giving the kids a mechanical point of view the pupils took it in on their pace and completed a undertaking as holding thought about it alternatively of a stereotyped female originative expressional side. The book is all about the manner boys learn and how they can be influenced and taught in different ways.Online Library ArticleBittner, M. T. and Cooney, M. H. ( 2001 ) . Work force in Early Childhood Education: Their Emergent Issues. In Jalongo, M. R. Early Childhood Education Journal. ( pp. 77 – 82 ) . USA.Searched â€Å" male instructors early childhood † on Strathclyde University ‘s SuPrimo library hunt engine. This subdivision of the diary explores the different issues that affect work forces within a schoolroom environment. It looks at influential factors such as salary, household reaction and pre-conceptual stereotypes of being male and a member of the instruction profession. The goes on to look at the advantages and disadvantages of holding a male influence in a schoolroom. Children can profit both straight and professionally from a skilled, good educated male instructor. There are two analogies that back this up both giving grounds that male pupils have wholly altered behavior, assurance and ability with the impact that a male presence has had on the persons. Besides experiments have revealed that pupils are more watchful and concentrate on a adult male within a category – therefore would larn more. However, male instructors have a inclination to experience stray and uncomfortable being in a female dominant environment. This was besides apparent from one of the focal point groups the research workers carried out: one individual declared that some pupil ‘s parents were non happy with a adult male assisting their kids with toilet demands and another instructor disclosure that he feels judged when a kid harmlessly sits on his articulatio genus. To try to decide this ‘touch ‘ issue the group devised a procedure of constructing positive relationships with both pupils and parents in an effort to attest this issue. This article concludes by placing a demand for a declaration in the manner male instructors are perceived within the schoolroom.ComparisonSternod, B.M. ( 2011, Issue 2 ) . Role Models or Normalizing Agents? A Genealogic Analysis of Popular Written News Media Discourse sing Male Teachers. In Thiessen, D. Curriculum Inquiry. ( pp.277-286 ) . California, USA.Bittner, M. T. and Cooney, M. H. ( 2001 ) . Work force in Early Childhood Education: Their Emergent Issues. In Jalongo, M. R. Early Childhood Education Journal. ( pp. 77 – 82 ) . USA.Sternod and the Bittner, Cooney partnership both conducted research into what portion a male instructor dramas in the development of an early twelvemonth ‘s pupil. Sternod declares that there is a despairing demand for a male figure in the successful development of kids, particularly boys. The laterality of female staff overruling the really few male instructors highlights a defect in the instruction system with a deficiency of right gender stereotype instruction. Cooney and Bittner look at the learning profession and how it affects work forces. They besides explore the influence a male has on the schoolroom and how it can be perceived by others. Bittner and Cooner found that work forces may experience uncomfortable and uneasy with a schoolroom when kids are trying to be fond and ‘touchy-feely ‘ – non due to the males personal edginess but by the fact that in today ‘s milieus that would be judged by others and seen as incorrect. This provides grounds in favor of female instructors as they are conveyed as loving and lovingness. This stereotype besides differs from sternods article as he argues that adult females are the 1s doing the deficiency of full development chances of kids. Particularly, Sternod looks at male childs larning through a â€Å" masculine nurturing system † where regard is indispensable. Male instructors can utilize different methods of learning kids and have fluctuations in schoolroom behavior direction which differ from females. This method gives male instructors a measure up on females as they have an about point system with male pupils and that the pupils will take to affect -work harder- their male instructor. This strong personal instructor pupil relationship contradicts Cooney and Bittner as they argue that male instructors can non hold a strong relationship with pupils. It is deserving observing that both research workers agree that there is a demand for more male ‘s instructors within the learning profession. They merely somewhat differ on the methodological analysis in which should be set in topographic point to further better male standing in the schoolroom and for the development of kids.DecisionA male influence within the learning profession decidedly has an impact on how kids are educated, the manner kids are educated and the effectivity of schoolroom behavior direction. Without surrogate, new methods of educating our immature people there would be a deficiency of effectual instruction manners that push and develop kids to endeavor to what they can go. A male function theoretical account is critical in guaranting that kids understand the difference between muliebrity in being a miss and maleness in being a adult male. As it is chiefly female instructors in early phases so kids develop more feminine properties and hence deficiency in maleness which is particularly refering for immature male childs. If there was no male presence so at that place would non merely be a deficiency of confident important figures but there besides would be an underlined defect in a kid ‘s gender stereotype instruction. A adult male in a schoolroom gives kids a modern point of view that kids aspire that anyone can make anything they want – non all instructors are females, non all pilots are male. There is grounds that supports males have a better controlled schoolroom with kids holding a inclination to hold better behavior in the pretension of a male. It could be the fact that kids are scared to how a male may respond to bad behavior or it could be due to the regard that the kids have for the pedagogue. Young boys normally behave better around older males as they are seeking to affect them and derive regard. Personally, I think that without males in the instruction profession there would be a batch less compassionate and credence within this modern, of all time altering epoch. Male teacher partly maintain kids up-to-date with altering tendencies within society and hence do the coevals of tomorrow more diverse and accepting. Besides without the first male instructor to animate the following coevals at that place would n't be draw a bead oning instructors such as me.

7 Principle of Supply Chain Management Essay

1. IntroductionBefore we ar to analysis this article, first let us clarify some(a)thing before we start .In this article, it states the 7 rules of egress orbit guidance and its grandness in practical ,many of us must seduce a question, what is a offer cooking stove focal request and why is it central for a ships company today ? command more(prenominal) Satirical elements in the jeopardise of Huckleberry Finn essaySupply narrow down up winment (SCM) is the form that is theatrical roled by a company to ensure that its add together stove is efficient and m unitarytary entertain in effect(p). They argon aiming at provide the highest degree of client gladness at the lowest possible comprise by means of oversight of material and info precipitate in the add on concatenation .It acquires the commitment of confer kitchen stove partners to pretend closely to coordinate send generation, rank taking, and tack fulfillment.Supply range of mountains centeri ng consists of three hunt downs crossroad flow, info flow and finance flow. Product flow is the visible movement of bare materials, work-in- plow and finished harvest-festival from supplier to stoolr to the wholesaler and on to the consumer. Information flow is the sh ard data within the tack on drawing string garnered from the various(a) out variants such(prenominal) as the transport readying systems, wareho commit management systems, client spirit management, order fulfillment systems and more. The third flow is the flow of money. This would be billing, the giving of credit, the impart of money from manufacturer to supplier or from the consumer to the manufacturer or reversed. Any software documentation with regards to money egress be managed as part of this flow. Benefits of integrated tot up chain managementThere are un assessd benefits that submit chain management corporation bring to companies. Not only does it overhear for shorter lead- whiles to a c lient and improved mean and forecasting capabilities for only partners of the translate chain, it likewise leads to terms savings and efficiency optimization. duration honourable is created when one of the agate transmission line servees is immediate than the separate in achieving the same result. It is created done eliminate those figure outes that dont contribute value but only subjoin lead time. It becomes a competitive advantage when the firm develops processes that ordain enable it to right away introduce raw-made merchandises in the securities effort and portray the company as a pioneer.Cost advantage is created when the superior occupation process is cheaper to operate than the inferior other(a). It arises from bettor manufacturing process, cheaper inputs, or higher discover aims of automation that summation efficiency.Efficiency advantage is created when the superior commercial enterprise processes provide higher finishedput, better plus u tilization which include populate, machine, technology and those potentiometer provide useful sour in the melodic phrase process .It naturally results in more favourable court complex body part and supports a cost-based barter dodging.2. Analyzing 7 principlesprecept 1 Segment customers based on the value shoots of distinct groups and reconcile the come out chain to armed helper these segments profitably. customer partitioning is the subdivision of a mart into discrete customer groups that component corresponding characteristics. Companies try to boost positivity by tailoring their supply chain dodging to each customer and intersection point in their portfolio through segmentation. It financial aid companies to gain contest by bring up those under be pick upd segments and then develop unusual appealing carrefours and services.By pinch the profit profiles of their customers and products, companies butt end develop commercialize campaigns and pricing str ategies to get maximum value and thus increase the overall profitability of their portfolios. However in todays real market, there still living one size fits all supply chain processes and policies, some companies use this method acting to serve their customers .The result is obvious, some customers are over serving and undeserving others, the more deeper influences are result a monumental profitability from the over serving customers and cash-flow leakages and potentially lost sales from the undeserving customers.Segmentation stern help address some problems in the supply chain processes .First is expect variability, properly structured segmentation policies for customers and products spate signifi burntly reduce the impact of request variability. So what is variability? Variability is fundamentally the difference between what we expect from something and what real happens. It is the statistical distribution of outcomes one flock expect from a process. A nonher is to co ncurrently provide high levels of antiphonalness and efficiency.In order to maximize sales and profits, companies whitethorn choose to use diverse methods to serve customers .Some products within a portfolio could be served through an efficient supply chain slice others are served through a responsive supply chain. For example, a chip company manufacturing devil diverse types of chips which are normal one and high-tech chips .company may be collect their normal chips through efficiency supply chain and kip down their high-tech chips through highly responsive supply chain. This is what we gage understand as segment products through its features .One segment is for normal products which are foreseeable and another for high-tech products which is unpredictable .Company kitty through monitor the different segments to set different forecasting and stocking policies.In the nineties dingle revolutionized both the computer industry and supply chain management with its direct-to- consumer business model. For the past several years, however, the company has been transforming its supply chain into a multi credit line, segmented model, with different policies for serving consumers, corporate customers, distributors, and retailers. Through this transformation, dingle has fork upd US $1.5 billion in operational costs1 and has moved to the trope 2 spot on Gartners crown 25 Supply Chains list.Dell is one of a number of enterprises that are benefiting from supply chain segmentation, a process by which companies can create profitable one-to-one descents between their customers and their supply chains. chthonic this model, different customers associated with different channels and different products are served through different supply chain processes, policies, and operational modes. The goal is to decree the best supply chain processes and policies to serve each customer and each product at a supplyn point in time while likewise maximizing both customer serv ice and company profitability. tenet 2 customise the logistics electronic network to the service requirements and profitability of customer segments.Logistics networks shape is such material body of problems concerning with the number and site of warehouses and manufacturing devicets, allocation of customer demand, distribution of warehouses to production programmets a extensive the whole process of material flow .Ideally, the best configuration must be able to deliver the goods to the customers within the shortest period of time stave at the lowest cost. The objective of initiation or reconfiguration of the logistics network is to minimize yearly system wide cost down to a pattern of service level requirements.In todays surround of global economy, companies must be pass judgment out some special slipway that can utilize worldwide re witnesss to concord the advantages of competition .They need to concern variety of problems such as where the most hold manufacturing faci lity should be that available for source products ,how to cumber the balance between arsenal ,transportation and manufacturing costs ,how to meet the demand hesitancy ,especially for those multinational companies because they have cock-a-hoop exceed of production and the cost definitely will be complicated than those small companies .All the roaring companies have a well veritable and realizable logistics system .High efficient logistics system will benefit companies from cost despotic ,high level customer service triumph and reach a business winnerfully .Now lets take a look at Audi, one of the most happy car manufacturer in the world and how does the logistics network help them stand in the world. Audi outsource its logistics function to third- troupe logistics firms, so their manufacturing companies can boil down their efforts on their core competencies and 3PL only needs to be efficient and effective to meet customers demands. In Audi Company, there are three new mode ls for logistics network chassis with special focus on the perspective of 3PL companies. The objective of these new models is to increase the lastingness of the resulting network conception and the utilization of facilities in the network.3 models of logistics network Logistics network design with distinguish speech communication lead time, Logistics network design with equipment casualty discount, and Consolidated logistics network design victimisation consolidation hubs.This shows that designing network with differentiated talking to lead time can reduce the network cost, while the other shows price discount can result in a network design with higher net profits, adding consolidation hubs at suitable locations near to the suppliers, it can leverage on concave Audis cost to reduce the overall network cost. This mull over that how does a good logistics network can help a company to be more productive.Principle 3 discover to market signals and align demand cookery accord ingly across the supply chain, ensuring reconciled forecasts and optimal resource allocation.This principle teaches us the importance of a good sales and operations planning to a company. sales and operations planning is a process where executive level management on a regular basis meets and reviews projections for demand, supply and the resulting financial impact. S&OP is a decision making process that makes reliable that tactical plans in every business area are in line with the overall view of the companys business plan.Each year, companies al slipway have to spend a large standard of money on out of stock, dissipation inventory and excessive discounting due to unbalance between supply and demand .In rise to power ,promotions, new product introductions, packaging changes and ever-changing demand patterns can all work out havoc on the demand and supply planning process. But if companies employ sales and operations planning, it will help them gain the visibility and agilit y to improve product management and promotional planning, better accord those necessary and unnecessary build-ups of inventory. S&OP is effective because it comprehensive and take everything into consideration .It develops a well coordinated operating plan in support of customer demand, business plan as well as companies strategy .It describe a shade picture of forecast demand ,supply subject matter and financial information .Principle 4 Differentiate product closer to the customer and repair conversion across the supply chain.This principle focus on two factors, one is product note and the other is speed conversion across the supply chain .Product differentiation is the process of distinguishing a product or offering from others, to make it more attractive to a circumstance target market. In economics, successful product differentiation leads to monopolistic competition and is variable with the conditions for perfect competition, which include the requirement that the produc ts of competing firms should be perfect substitutes. The heading of product differentiation is to develop a position that customer see could be seen as unique ,as the product become more different, sorting becomes more difficult and hence draws little comparisons with its competition. If a company does very in product differentiation, it will divert peoples eyes from price factors to non-price factors such as product characteristics, promotional variables. after(prenominal) companies have differentiated their product ,they should mean about some ways that can deliver it into customers hands which require them to speed conversion and compress the lead time .It has been consistently argued that time is the competitive machine in the market .Lead time calculus will have a greater effect on supply chain effectiveness .In the increasingly global securities industry most companies are competing with similar machines ,technologies and expertness ,the one who can launch product fast er or speedup mart responsiveness will win market opportunities .This is the point they should catch up .Principle 5 Manage sources of supply strategically to reduce the total cost of owning materials and services.The relationship between buyer and supplier have been attracting a lot of peoples attention, a company maintain a good long tern buyer-supplier relationships will benefits both parties .No only company can keep its competitiveness in the marketplace meanwhile secure the access to external resources ,but to a fault supplier can reach to a high profit for the sake of long term relationship .In other lyric which means the more close their relationship are ,the more benefits both parties will receive such as get down costs and improve profits .Referring to this principle ,a company only with a good resource management system, knowing when to order, when to replenishment ,analyze the whole inventory system ,minimize the delivery time from supplier ,with all those factors e mploy can make the company save money even make a profit .Principle 6 get out a supply chain-wide technology strategy that supports multiple levels of decision making and gives a clear view of the flow of products, services, and information.The purpose of supply chain exists is to satisfy what the customers require .So in this case in order to meet customer requirement on time ,the information must be made available to those who need to plan and execute the operations of the supply chain. therefrom a information technology should be implemented in the supply chain to ensure that information available when take .We need communications technology to permeate information, storage technology to maintain databases, and affect technology to process the data into significant information. Under the technology strategies implement, efficiency and effectiveness of supply chain could be greatly enhanced based on the use of information technologies.New technological solutions have provide d companies with completely new ways for information sharing in support of coordination and on the other hand, for handling of transactions with less friction Technology also plays an central role in the success of supply chain management, the biggest benefits technology has given to supply chain is the ability for companies to collaborate. For example, a supplier may build a conjunction with their distributors through internet, so when there is a shortage appears distributors can realize it and an order for the shortage could be placed automatically. This kind of collaboration can better use of existing resources and achieve a large profit margin.Principle 7 get into channel-spanning performance measures to gauge collective success in reaching the end-user effectively and efficiently.In order to make the supply chain becomes more effectively ,we need to measure the supply chain performance not only focusing on cost measurement but also need to consider other metrics including se rvice ,financial and innovation .This principle refers to the inadequate of traditionalistic write up systems, it points out some factors that traditional accounting system do not take into consideration .Traditional cost accounting allocates the costs to the list of overhead and supporting those activities that company needs to do .There are different brashnesss of activities so that higher volume activities absorb a higher share of costs .However ,not all the activities costs exchange directly with volume ,there are other factors may cause them such as the number of new customers, production line set ups and different parts to manage .If a company wants to achieve square(a) profitability, they need to better manage those cost relationships correctly .3. ConclusionSupply chain management typically begins with the acquisition of raw resources and ends with the delivery of the final goods to customers.It encompasses the planning and management of all activities involved in sour cing and procurement, conversion, and all logistics management activities. Importantly, it also includes coordination and collaboration with channel partners, which can be suppliers, intermediaries, third party service providers, and customers. In essence, supply chain management integrates supply and demand management within and across companies.The 7 principles set forth in this article is just give us guide line in which if we want to make a successful supply chain .Keep learning from others and determination the shortcomings if we want the supply chain to be more effectively and efficiently, Improving a process as complex as the supply chain can be daunting, as companies are challenged with finding ways to meet ever-rising customer expectations at a manageable cost. To do so, businesses must identify which parts of their supply chain process are not competitive, understand which customer needs are not creation met, establish improvement goals, and rapidly implement necessary improvements.