Gay Men Born Gay - 1235 Words

http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,973763-1,00.html Are Gay Men Born That Way? By Christine Gorman;J. Madeleine Nash/Los Angeles Monday, Sept. 09, 1991 Gay men often claim that even as children they knew they were somehow different from other boys. Many say that sense even preceded puberty. And yet, though researchers have tried for decades to identify a biological basis for homosexuality -- which seems to be present in all human societies -- they have mostly come up dry. Tantalizing clues have surfaced: gays are more likely to be left-handed, for instance. But in the end, there has been little proof that biology is sexual destiny. Now new research offers evidence that there may indeed be a physiological basis for†¦show more content†¦But some scientists believe this structure governs daily rhythms rather than sexual behavior, so it is difficult to see any significance in the finding. Investigations of right- and left-handedness have also provided evidence of a physiological distinction. Sandra Witelson, a professor of psychiatry at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ont., has found more left-handers among homosexual women in her studies than among heterosexual women. Others have made the same observation among men. Since hand preference may be determined in part by the influence of sex hormones on the brain during gestation, Witelson believes these early hormonal influences could also play a role in sexual orientation. Animal studies provide a good deal of evidence for a biological basis of sexual orientation. Through careful manipulation of hormone levels in newborn rats, Roger Gorski, a neuroendocrinologist at UCLA, has been able to produce male rodents that demonstrate feminine behavior. Other researchers, working with mice, have noted that female fetuses that develop between two male fetuses in a litter appear to be masculinized to some degree by their brothers testosterone. They look more like males than females, mature more slowly, have fewer reproductive cycles as adults and are less attractive to male mice. In many species, particularly among mammals, homosexual-likeShow MoreRelatedHomosexuality: Inborn Trait or a Choice991 Words   |  4 Pagesjust go and change his or her skin tone or gender. It isn’t as if one was asked to be white, black, Hispanic, Native American exc., nor female or male. This is just the way the person was born. Seeing it from this point of view I wonder why a person will choose to be a homosexual. It isn’t that the person was born this way, more as so it was a choice and path they chose to take. Many wonder was it caused by environmental factors, what was the child introduced to in the earlier ages, was the child sexualRead MoreEssay about Gays in the Military778 Words   |  4 Pages The question of whether or not gays should be alowed in the military is a hotly debated event in curnent politics and their are many arguments for and aginst it. these very arguments give us some insight about where our society is going and how willing we really are to accept others. So now we have two citizens both wanting to join the military and both identical in everyway save the fact that one in straight and one is gay. They both pass all tests with the same score yet one is let in andRead More Gay Child Rearing Essay1656 Words   |  7 PagesThe sexuality and development of children with gay parents must be most affected by the rearing of the gay parents. Does having gay parents affect a child’s mental health and growth? Can education and socialization be decreased with the presence of gay parents? How could it be possible that children are not affected by having two parents of the same sex? Doesn’t this cause some gender confusion for the child? How can a child develop properly without the experience of both a male and female role modelRead MoreThe Basic Supposition Of The Symbolic Interactionist1649 Words   |  7 Pagesany sense of shared meaning. Society as a social structure, both creates shared meaning but it also maintains it for the future generations. As we are born into a society, we are socialized with the meanings of symbols and gestures that are shared by that society. As Berger and Luckman report â€Å"The individual is not born a member of society. He is born with a predisposition towards sociality and becomes a member of society (through socialization)† (1966: 129). We may, by our actions, alter or reviseRead MoreEssay on Same-Sex Parenting and Child Development1110 Words   |  5 Pagesestablished gay men and lesbians have been increasingly undertaking parenthood through donor insemination, surrogacy, or fostering and adoption (McCann, 2005). Thus, a new type of family formation in American society has been generated. Due to the formation of same-sex households, gay and lesbian parenting is no longer a concept. This type of parenting has become a reality which society as a whole is struggling to accept (McCann, 2005). In 2010, the U.S. Census Bureau counted gay marriages inRead MoreBehavioral Differences between Homosexuals and Gay Men1052 Words   |  4 Pagesis the issue of homosexuality, especially male homosexuality. When boys are born, there is no doubt that they share the same gender. Yet as they grow up and diverge to become homosexuals and heterosexuals, they begin to demonstrate a host of different characteristics that makes one clearly distinct from the other. A close examination of typical homosexual and heterosexual behavior confirms this fact. Although males are born with the same sex, homosexual and straight males differ in how they dress,Read More Gay Rights Essay1291 Words   |  6 Pages Gay Rights Two men are walking down the street very peacefully until they decide to kiss one another right out in the open. Some people look upon this as weird and others look upon it in disgust. Some even get angry about it. Is there a problem with what these men just did? Should they be left alone or reprimanded for what they have done? The issue of gay rights is very cloudy in our great nation. Most of this is due to the problems with the issue, the reasons for controversy, and pros and consRead MoreMasculinity, Gender, And Masculinity1617 Words   |  7 PagesFemininity in Homosexual Men In 2014, twenty-four-year-old football player, Michael Sam, was the first openly gay man to be drafted into the NFL. The country rejoiced at the fact that not all gay men were â€Å"sissies†. The feminine man stereotype is perceived as bad and negative; yet, most gay men have most likely had at least one â€Å"feminine† experience. However, no one knows why, exactly, that is. Why is it that there is a very evident stereotype that all gay men, do traditionally feminine things? EvenRead MoreWhat Causes Homosexuality996 Words   |  4 PagesWhat Causes Homosexuality? What causes homosexuality? There has been much debate about what causes homosexuality. Is there a gay gene? Is homosexuality caused by environmental factors, such as upbringing, child molestation, an absent mother or affectionate father? Or is it something we’re born with, an inherited trait, like skin or hair color? Although there have been few studies on the cause of homosexuality, the debate seems to be divided, with scientists in one corner and religious fundamentalistsRead MoreThe Sexual Identity Of Homosexual People1678 Words   |  7 Pagesquestion the sexual identity of homosexual people, because it goes against their religion, social standards, morals, and intellect. As humans, we must comprehend the fact that being gay is nothing more than love between two humans. As humans, we must come to the realization that we are all equal, and that you are born gay; furthermore, you don’t have a choice. In the past few hundred years homosexuality has been seen as not being a matter of choice. In the 1960’s the term homophobia arose as a term

Issues with Domestic Violence Essay - 1408 Words

Domestic violence is a complex issue that plagues society regularly. Judicial systems all over the United States have attempted to create regulations to protect victims of domestic abuse. Furthermore, scattered scarcely throughout the United States are non-profit and small organizations which attempt to supplement the judicial protection with additional resources. Nevertheless, domestic abuse seems to be much bigger than any services these systems can maintain. Victims of domestic violence suffer with harmful issues even judicial and non-profit systems have yet to overcome and as society advances, even more issue seem to arise. The Philadelphia legal system has provided what is known as the â€Å"Protection from Abuse Order (PFA)†.†¦show more content†¦Outside of these hours, in severe cases, an â€Å"Emergency PFA† can be applied for, only to last until closing time of the Family Courts next business day. As stated by the Philadelphia Courts PFA brochure, if a victim is also denied an emergency PFA, they once again must wait until the next business day to contact a separate department for assistance (Family Law Section of the Philadelphia Bar Association, 2009). Furthermore, the brochure disclaims that the victim should be prepared to â€Å"wait your turn†, eluding to the fact that the PFA form is about 24 pages, therefore, may take time to complete with professional assistance (Family Law Section of the Philadelphia Bar Association, 2009). Once a PFA is issued, as the brochure states, it is enforced through the police and the violation of its contents may result in up to 6 months prison time and/or a $1000 fine (Family Law Section of the Philadelphia Bar Association, 2009). This reactionary enforcement of the PFA still leaves the victim vulnerable to attack prior to the arrival of law enforcement. Additionally, studies show that legally reporting abuse can often increase the risk of abuse by angering the abuser and furth er endangering the victim (About Domestic Abuse, 2004). The perfect solution might be to hide the victim through some sort of program similar to the Witness Protection Program, or constant surveillance, but it would be much too costly for law enforcement to provide direct accompaniment to everyShow MoreRelatedThe Issue Of Domestic Violence1312 Words   |  6 Pagescasino security and others were trying to help her. Rice, being a public figure, brought the issue of domestic violence to the forefront of all media outlets. For several weeks this was the topic of all new stations, magazines, and internet sites. The public was appalled at Rice’s actions and many were angry at his fiancà © for sticking by him. Many questions arose about Rice’s case and domestic violence in general. For example, â€Å"Doesn’t he know any better†? â€Å"Why did she go on to marry Rice a monthRead MoreThe Issue Of Domestic Violence959 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Mandatory a rrest policies oversimplify the issue of domestic violence, offering a one-size-fits-all solution to a complex social problem† (Zelcer, 2014, p.560). Mandatory arrest laws were created to protect and help victims of domestic violence. However, there have been many issues with this law. Understanding the positive strides made by this law and the negative or unintended consequences allows for a better understanding of mandatory arrest laws and social issues that face society today. Examining theRead MoreThe Issue Of Domestic Violence926 Words   |  4 PagesAmericans generally don t prefer the topic of domestic violence. Us Americans pay the five bucks for People magazine and US Weekly in the checkout line to catch up on the hottest trends and the newest celebrity gossip to carry us through the day, but why is that we skim over the domestic violence ad in the back and don t ponder twice about what they are trying to convey? On the other hand, other countries have recently been speaking their minds loud and clear about this controversial topic. 12Read MoreThe Issue Of Domestic Violence944 Words   |  4 Pages(â€Å"At Issue†).† The problem with dating violence is that it s becoming more common within adolescents. Males who are exposed to domestic violence are more likely to be abusive in their own relationship. Many people are gaining attention to the situation through television shows, books and movies, etc. â€Å"In the 1840s the temperance movement brings attention to the issue of domestic violence, which the reformers see as a consequence of alcohol use .In 1992 The U.S. Surgeon General ranks domestic violenceRead MoreThe Issue Of Domestic Violence Essay2183 Words   |  9 PagesDomestic violence is one of the worlds best kept secret, as an estimated fifteen percent of violent crimes are accounted by intimate partner violence (ncadv.org), yet it is rarely reported, or resulted in a conviction. This issue is prevalent in the United S tates, and it is a widely represented population, as there are many resources available to those that are victims of this crime. For this literature review, I was interested to see how this heinous crime is seen within Muslim culture, specificallyRead MoreThe Issue Of Domestic Violence1988 Words   |  8 PagesThe last decade has seen significant developments in the law surrounding domestic violence, as the topic shifted from the fringes of public consciousness to the forefront of government policy. High profile cases such as the 2010 Raoul Moat manhunt elevated the issue both politically and in the public eye, raising serious concerns as to how domestic violence is handled in both the criminal and civil spheres as gaps were exposed in the protection of more vulnerable members of society. Cavanagh (2007)Read MoreThe Issue Of Domestic Violence1527 Words   |  7 PagesWhen we hear about domestic violence, we always assumed that it’s about women. Women are not always the vic tims, also men, children, elderly or mentally/physically disabled people as well. Victimology is a topic that has been intriguing to me for a while. It certainly has come a long way since 1947 when Benjamin Mendelsohn coined the term. According to all the history that has been provided since that time many improvements have taken place. Such as the accessibility to information regarding theRead MoreThe Issue Of Domestic Violence2302 Words   |  10 Pages Domestic violence has become a hot topic lately in articles, newspapers and even discussions on popular News channels. The controversial topic’s importance was ultimately ignited by the video released by TMZ of Ray Rice, the Ravens star running back, striking his then fiancà ©, Janay Palmer, knocking her unconscious in a casino elevator. Rice proceeds to drag Palmer’s body carelessly out of the elevator and leaves her lying on the floor, still unconscious. The releases of the videos showing whatRead MoreThe Issue Focused On Domestic Violence966 Words   |  4 PagesThe issue focused on is Dome stic Violence; a common yet silent form of battering, harassment , and sexual assault. As explained by Annie, she meets her husband when she was 16 years old. He was five years older than her. Expeditiously they developed a relationship, and she became pregnant. That’s when the abuse began, he would hit her, throw her into walls and leave her helpless in a puddle of her own blood. She was trapped in a world of fear, regret, and slowly began to feel as if all this was herRead MoreDomestic Violence is a Global Issue1347 Words   |  5 PagesDomestic Violence (DV) is a critical social issue that negatively impacts not only our own culture in America but as well as all other cultures around the world. Domestic Violence is a global issue reaching across national boundaries as well as socio-economic, cultural, racial and class distinctions (Kaur Garg 2008). Domestic Violence is a serious problem that can be seen around every society from families of both developed and underdevelo ped countries and of different backgrounds. Although there

Impact Of Composition Of Board And Corporate Governance - Samples

Question: Discuss about the Impact Of Composition Of Board And Corporate Governance On Performance Of Firms Australian As Well As Indian Evidence. Answer: Introduction Definitions and key concepts Financial performance: The financial performances of business concerns can be considered to be of utmost significance to firms stakeholders. On one hand, financial performance of firms is an important source for financing present economic activities of the firm, thus can help in maintaining a going concern and increase the value of the business. On the other hand, financial performance can be considered as the basis for allotting dividends that subsequently might lure investors as well as their funds. Therefore, identifying as well as evaluating diverse facets that exert impact on financial performance of business concerns is of great significance both to practice along with academia. Whilst it is reasonable to suppose that the managerial capabilities of board members would have considerable influence on the financial performance of the entity (Hermalin Weisbach, 1991). However, it is not clear whether the composition of the board would considerably influence the performance of the business concern. Brief Background Several prior studies have examined the influence of diverse corporate governance features on performance of business concerns. However, the current issue is analysing outcomes of prior researches along with the conclusions that are mixed. The role of professional accountant in a specific business is necessarily application of an inquisitive mind founded on the awareness as regards financials of the corporation. This profession involves using skills along with in depth understanding of firms along with the environment in which the business functions (Daily Dalton, 1994). Thus, professional training in accountancy specifically can assist me in taking on a pragmatic and at the same time objective approach to resolve diverse matters. Being a futureaccounting professional, I will be able to help the company in developing corporate strategy, delivering advice and assisting business in reducing the cost, enhancing the top line and alleviating the risk. Literature Review Board composition has several issues associated to the independence rate of different board of directors, diversity subsisting amongst different members of the board together with the duality of CEO. In this case, the directors are also categorized in three different broad classes that include inside directors, affiliated outside directors as well as outside directors (Kiel and Nicholson, 2003). Corporate governance can be referred to as a system designed by a corporation that comprises of certain set of rules as well as regulations for the effectual management of the corporation (Kang et al., 2007). Fundamentally, it majorly focuses on shielding the interests of the financiers taking into account interests of the management as well as other parties related to the business (Bernardi et al., 2002). Majority of the research carried out considers two extensively accepted theories of corporate governance that includes agency theories as well as the resource dependency themes. Sarkar Sarkar (2009) study indicates sample of certain top Indian corporations and observes situations as well as several aspects of corporate governance as Indian market is considered as a developing market. Again, it also declares that research undertaken in this area is more focussed on the nations that are comparatively developed and hence there remains a variance in the issues when it comes to the nations that are in the developing stage (Dwivedi Jain, 2005). As mentioned in the introduction, there are several academic research papers that examined the nature of association between characteristics of corporate governance and overall business performance. Ghosh (2006) study in their often cited research paper the overall influence of corporate governance on performance of corporation during the period 1990s. Utilizing 24 governance regulations, the writers construct a governance index in order to proxy for the level of rights of shareholders (Barnhart et al., 1994). Again, the outcomes of the study reflect that business concerns with greater shareholder rights had superior value of the firm, higher level of performance and higher growth in sales than corporations with weaker rights of shareholders. Again et al., (2015) showed that in the first decade of this current century, corporations with strong rights of shareholders do not outperform corporations with weaker rights of shareholders. Again, another seminal research paper regarding asso ciation between corporate governance and business performance, based on a previous European study declared substantiation of a negative association between these two constructs (Baysinger Butler). Again, taking into account the endogeneity of the association between firms governance, performance of the group, corporate structure and ownership framework, the writers discovered that better corporate governance is considerably positively correlated with both superior contemporaneous and subsequent operating performance of a corporation (Welch, 2003). Pertinent to this current study is also the study conducted by Jackling Johl (2009) who scrutinizes the overall influence of the size of the board on performance of corporations for a large number of corporations. Research Aim and Objectives The current research study intends to develop an understanding the way variances in board composition and structures of governance exerts impact on the performance of companies operating in both Australian as well as Indian market. The composition of the board comprises of outside directors, directors having duality in the profile, female directors. On the other hand, corporate governance concentrates on enhanced and stringent rules as well as regulations that mainly concentrate on protection of interests of shareholders. Research Questions The research question framed for the study is: Is there any association between board composition and performance of a firm? If yes, then what kind of correlation do they have? Methods General Approach The current research proposes to use the positivism philosophy since this assists in the process of substantiation. The selection of the research philosophy of positivism is justified as this philosophy declares that authentic knowledge accepts that only effectual knowledge is scientific and it originates from derived knowledge. In addition to this, the learner intends to employ the deductive research approach for the present study. Furthermore, the learner also proposes descriptive research design for the current study as this helps in observing and at the same time illustrating behaviour of different subjects without affecting it in any way (Hillman Dalziel, 2003). Analytical Approach The learner intends to utilize secondary data collected from journal articles, books, official websites of corporations, news papers and many others. The proposed interpretation approach for evaluation of this study includes qualitative method. Qualitative methods of analysis that can be taken into consideration include uncovering particular trends in thoughts as well as opinions, and delving deeper into the problems. The learner intends to gain comprehensive understanding different facets that contribute towards changes in profitability of corporation. In addition to this, the researcher also intends to analyse impacts of diverse theories of corporate governance utilized in corporations operating in both Indian as well as Australian markets. Moreover, the learner also proposes to utilize secondary data obtained from the financial assertions of business corporations and put emphasis on values of key financial ratio such as profitability ration as well as solvency ratio. Essentially, these ratios can be utilized as performance indicators in the process of determination of diverse impacts of variables (Schultz, 2003). Results Analysis of the article Corporate Governance and Board Composition: diversity and independence of Australian boards penned by Helen Kang, Mandy Cheng and Sidney J. Gray reveals that board diversity and independence can be considered to be crucial corporate governance matters that the business concerns face (Kang et al., 2007). Again, critical evaluation of the research study Impact of Firm Performance on Board Characteristics: Empirical Evidence from India by Akshita Arora and Chandan Sharma reflects the fact that the outcomes of the research study reflect that performance of business entity has a negative influence on characteristics of the board. Furthermore, findings of the study also shows that larger size of the board, outside membership along with more number of meetings can be regarded as pricey affairs in the business concern (Arora Sharma, 2015). Again, from the review of the article Corporate Governance and Performance of Indian Firms: The Effect of Board Size and Ownershi p penned by Neeraj Dwivedi and Arun Kumar Jain, it is apparent that larger boards can enhance firms governance contributing towards lower costs of agency and can have a positive relationship with value of the corporation in the Indian perspective. Nevertheless, the association is observed to be weak (Dwivedi Jain, 2005). Evaluation of the article The Relationship between Ownership Structure and Performance in Listed Australian Companies reflect that there exists a limited evidence of a non-linear association between managerial share ownership and performance of corporations. Thus, it can be said that endogeneity problem recognized in the American perspective is also existent in Australia, in which ordinary least-squares testing suggests that performance of firm is statistically reliant on managerial ownership (Welch, 2003). Nevertheless, at the time when endogeneity is considered, performances demonstrate no statistical reliance on ownership dimensions. Thus, based on the results o f the prior study, it can be said that firms performance is said to be influenced by the board structure and corporate governance. References Arora, A., Sharma, C. (2015). Impact of Firm Performance on Board Characteristics: Empirical Evidence from India. IIM Kozhikode Society Management Review, 4(1), 53-70. Arora, A., Sharma, C. (2015). Impact of Firm Performance on Board Characteristics: Empirical Evidence from India.IIM Kozhikode Society Management Review,4(1), 53-70. Barnhart, S. W., Marr, M. W., Rosenstein, S. (1994). Firm performance and board composition: Some new evidence.Managerial and Decision Economics,15(4), 329-340 Baysinger, B. D., Butler, H. N. (1985). Corporate governance and the board of directors: Performance effects of changes in board composition.Journal of Law, Economics, Organization,1(1), 101-124. Bernardi, R. A., Bean, D. F., Weippert, K. M. (2002). Signaling gender diversity through annual report pictures: A research note on image management. Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal,15(4), 609-616; Daily, C. M., Dalton, D. R. (1994). Bankruptcy and corporate governance: The impact of board composition and structure.Academy of Management journal,37(6), 1603-1617. Dwivedi, N., Jain, A. K. (2005). Corporate governance and performance of Indian firms: The effect of board size and ownership.Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal,17(3), 161-172. Dwivedi, N., Jain, A. K. (2005). Corporate governance and performance of Indian firms: The effect of board size and ownership.Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal,17(3), 161-172. Ghosh, S. (2006). Do board characteristics affect corporate performance? Firm-level evidence for India.Applied Economics Letters,13(7), 435-443. Hermalin, B. E., Weisbach, M. S. (1991). The effects of board composition and direct incentives on firm performance.Financial management, 101-112. Hillman, A. J., Dalziel, T. (2003). Boards of directors and firm performance: Integrating agency and resource dependence perspectives.Academy of Management review,28(3), 383-396. Jackling, B., Johl, S. (2009). Board structure and firm performance: Evidence from India's top companies.Corporate Governance: An International Review,17(4), 492-509. Kang, H., Cheng, M., Gray, S. J. (2007). Corporate governance and board composition: Diversity and independence of Australian boards.Corporate Governance: An International Review,15(2), 194-207. Kang, H., Cheng, M., Gray, S. J. (2007). Corporate governance and board composition: Diversity and independence of Australian boards.Corporate Governance: An International Review,15(2), 194-207. Kiel, G. C. and Nicholson, G. J. (2003), Board Composition and Corporate Performance: how the Australian experience informs contrasting theories of corporate governance. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 11: 189205. doi:10.1111/1467-8683.00318 Sarkar, J., Sarkar, S. (2009). Multiple board appointments and firm performance in emerging economies: Evidence from India.Pacific-Basin Finance Journal,17(2), 271-293. Schultz, E. (2003). The relationship between ownership structure and performance in listed Australian companies. Sharma, A. A. C. Corporate governance and firm performance in developing countries: evidence from India. Welch, E. (2003). The relationship between ownership structure and performance in listed Australian companies.Australian journal of management,28(3), 287-305. Yermack, D. (1996). Higher market valuation of companies with a small board of directors.Journal of financial economics,40(2), 185-211.

Famous Chinese Horse Painting Essay Example For Students

Famous Chinese Horse Painting Essay In the sass while playing in a hidden cave in Lascar, Prance, many children found a remarkable painting on the wall. After telling about their findings, researches and explorers visited the cave and it Vass then they saw the Chinese Horse. The art got its name because it resembled the ceramic horses of the Han Dynasty in China. Although the reasoning for the painting is unknown, they research has shown that several paintings in this era included plants and animals. It was not the only painting Off horse found on a cave wall. However, it is thought that the artist wanted to protect his work and for it to survive, that IS Why he or she chose a place far into the cave. Most of the painting was applied directly to the wall by a flickering fire light and paint containing Earth elements and animal fat. Other parts of the painting were blown through reeds causing a special affect. It was placed on a sandstone wall. Most cave walls were not smooth; they had a lot of rough textures and cracks. The painting itself consisted of warm earth like, fall colors. These colors included: browns, tans, reds, greens. The horse in the painting has a large sagging stomach. Researches believe the horse was meant to look pregnant. The head of the horse was very small. Personally, think the head was small and the stomach was 50 large because the artist wanted to emphasis the unborn colt in the mother. He or she was not worried so much about the adult horse but more the child. Maybe, like many mothers and females who want to be mothers think, the artist was hoping for a child. Owe when was pregnant I would see small children and infants and think about the child inside of me. So, maybe the artist was kind of doing the same thing. Maybe the artist was a female who wanted a child Also, there are red arrow-like paintings around the horse. Researchers think they could be plants or arrows. I think the look like wheat. Believe the horse is running in a field as if it is free. It reminds me of our history when the Indians roamed free and malls and grocery sto res did not exist. The artist may be ring to express this feeling.